矮化密植苹果园人工生草覆草与效益评估

Benefit Assessment of Artificial Planting Grass and Covering Grass in Short-stalk Close Planting Apple Orchard

通过2000-2004年对不同管理模式的矮化密植苹果园天敌种类及数量、果园生态状况、主要病虫发生情况、土壤质量等进行的系统调查及测定结果表明,果园连续三年植草覆草,可使果园树上主要天敌数量增加10.3倍,地面主要天敌增加6.4倍,蚜虫危害高峰期推迟3～7d,叶螨危害高峰期推迟10～15d,益害比值上升17.6倍,主要病害轮纹烂果病和斑点落叶病危害分别降低56.8%和46.7%,主要害虫蚜虫和叶螨百叶虫量分别降低46.2%和85.7%,农药使用次数减少3～4次.土壤全N量提高43.4%～49.0%,土壤有机质含量提高42.0%～45.0%,速效P提高28.0%～33.0%,速效K提高48.8%～50.2%.果园生态环境明显改善,果品质量及产量大大提高,经济、生态效益显著.

Through the system research in the Kinds of natural enemy and quantities, ecological state of the Orchard, main disease insects, and soil quality in the short-stalk close planting apple orchard in the different management way between 2000-2004, the result of determination shows that three years＇ lasting planting grass cover covering can make the number of main natural enemy of the orchard increase to 10.3 times, main natural enemy on the earth, 6.4times, the harmful boom of aphid will be put off 3 to7 days, the harmful boom of Ye Man, 10-15days, the rate of the beneficial insects and pests will rise to 17.6 times. The harm of the main disease, Wheel grain rotten fruit and spot fallen leaves will respectively recluse to 56.8% and 46.7%. The main pests, aphid and the number of Ye Man in 100 leaves reduce to 46.2% and 85.7%, respectively the usage of agricultural Chemical will be reduced 3 to 4 times, the quantity of N in the soil will increase to 43.4%-49.0%. The quantity of the organic substance in the soil will rise to 42.0 to 45.0%, quick results P will increase by 28.0 to 33.0%, quick results K will increase by 48.8% to 50.2%. The quality and quantity of fruits will greatly in crease, economy and ecological benefits art remarkable.