锡矿粉尘生物学活性与致病能力的关系

Biological responses of tin mine particles and their association with adverse effects on health in tin miners

目的通过体外细胞实验评价锡矿含石英粉尘的生物特性和毒性,并与接尘工人尘肺和肺癌等疾病发生进行比较。方法选择鼠肺巨噬细胞为靶细胞,分别测定4个锡矿的呼吸性粉尘样本作用于靶细胞后,葡萄糖苷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、过氧化氢以及活性氧自由基(ROS)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的释放。以标准石英(DQ12)和氧化铝作为对照。矿工人群流行病学研究为回顾前瞻性队列研究。结果流行病学研究显示,锡矿接尘工人的尘肺标化死亡比(SMR)高达49.7(95%CI:39.5～61.8),肿瘤(SMR=1.58,95%CI:1.39～1.76)和肺癌死亡率(SMR=3.17,95%CI:2.59～3.76)高于全国平均水平。锡矿粉尘的细胞毒性与细胞功能损伤作用高于氧化铝而低于石英,其诱导的ROS水平明显高于氧化铝和石英,此外,粉尘样本还导致TNFα分泌升高,超过或接近纯石英粉尘的作用。结论现场粉尘体外细胞实验结果能较好地解释人群流行病学调查的趋势,粉尘的体外毒性测定可能具有筛检现场粉尘危害的作用。

Objective To evaluate the biological characteristics and toxicity of tin mine particles mixed with crystalline silica using an in vitro test, and to compare to the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis and lung cancer. Methods Respirable particle samples were sampled from four tin mines, in which elevated mortality of pneumoconiosis and lung cancer were reported in miners exposed to particles. Alveolar macrophages（ AM ） were considered as the target cells of primary dust effects. The release of giucuronidase, lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen, H2O2 tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-（α） were measured. Pure quartz（DQ12） and corundum were used as controls. A retrospective cohort study on the opidemiology in tin mine workers was carried out. Resutls The samples from fin mines caused a higher cytoxicity than did corundum, yet lower than did quartz. However, reactive oxygen species release induced by the particle samples were significantly higher than that induced by quartz and corundum. Moreover, the particle samples induced higher TNF-α secretion than did corundmn, samples from Limu tin mine also induced higher TNF-α levels than did pure quartzeven in the lowest concentration. The results from epidemiological research showed that high incidence of silicosis among tin miners. The standardized mortality from pnemnoconiosis in tin miners[49.7（95% CI：39.5 ～ 61.8） ] was higher than those from all cancer（ SMR = 1.58,95% CI： 1.39-1.76）, and lung cancer（ SMR = 3.17,95 % CI ： 2.59-3.76）, and national average level. Conclusion The results from in vitro test may reasonably interpret high risk of pneumoconiosis and lung Cancer in tin miners. The in vitro multidimensional reaction patterns of AM can be used to screen workplace particles for adverse effects on health.