颞动脉活检中面神经的解剖学研究

Anatomical Study of the Frontal Branch of Facial Nerve on the Temporal Artery Biopsy

目的:为颞动脉活检中防止损伤面神经额支提供解剖学基础。方法:对16具防腐成人尸体标本进行解剖,建立坐标定点测量颞浅动脉额支和面神经额支外上支的位置。结果:①颞浅动脉额支在标志点A^E坐标值分别为(22.95±3.81,17.32±4.54)mm;(27.02±0.78,19.96±6.86)mm;(36.14±8.09,26.45±7.22)mm;(54.07±1.59,33.27±6.02)mm;(59.93±8.94,37.48±5.37)mm;②面神经额支外上支在F点和G点坐标值分别为(36.14±8.09,0)mm;(54.07±1.59,15.28±4.87)mm;③颞浅动脉额支走行呈直线相关,C、D两点之间直线回归方程为^y=8.64+0.48X,r=0.67,P<0.001。④面神经额支外上支在F和G点之间呈直线相关,直线回归方程为^y=-18.66+0.58X,r=0.74,P<0.001。结论:颞浅动脉额支和面神经额支外上支都可通过直线回归方程进行定位,越靠近眉外端两者距离越近,F点和G点连线以下为颞动脉活检中易损伤面神经额支的危险区。

Objective： To provide anatomical basis for safe zone in the temporal artery biopsy. Methods： 16 formalin fixed adult heads , 32 sites were dissected, the site of the frontal branch of superficial temporal artery （STA） and the frontal branch of facial nerve （FN） was documented . Results ： 1. The sites of the frontal branch of STA from the point A to the point E were as follows ： （22.95 ± 3.81,17.32 ＋ 4.54）mm ; （27.02 ＋ 0.78, 19.96 ＋ 6.86）mm; （36.14 ＋ 8.09,26.45 ＋ 7.22）mm; （54.07 ＋ 1.59,33.27 ＋ 6.02）mm; （59.93 ＋ 8.94,37.48 ± 5. 37）mm;2. The sites of the frontal branch of FN from the point F to the point G were as follows： （36.14 ± 8.09, 0）mm; （54.07 ± 1.59, 15.28 ±4.87）mm;3. Between the point C and the point D, the frontal branch of STA linear regression equation was y^ = 8.64 ＋ 0.48X, r = 0.67, P 〈 0. 001.4. Between the point F and the point G, the frontal branch of FN linear regression equation was y^ = - 18.66 ＋ 0.58X,r = 0.74, P 〈 0.001. Conclusion： The path of the frontal branch of STA and the frontal branch of FN in the temporal region can be traced. Under the line between the point F and the point G , the frontal branch of FN was vulnerable to trauma.