中国油页岩特征及开发利用前景分析

Oil shale resource state and evaluating system

油页岩是一种重要的替代能源资源,中国油页岩主要分布于中国15个省份(区),总查明资源储量329.89亿t,居世界第四位。其中,吉林省、广东省、辽宁省分别为174.27亿t、55.15亿t和45.05亿t,并分别占全国油页岩探明资源储量的52.83%、16.72%和13.65%。中国油页岩具有沉积时代以新生代为主,沉积环境以陆相为主的特征。中国高含油率的油页岩主要分布在新生代小型聚煤断陷盆地,而低含油率油页岩主要分布在晚白垩纪大型含油气坳陷盆地,且资源量巨大。中国小型断陷盆地油页岩,如桦甸油页岩的形成主要受构造、气候作用影响;而大型坳陷盆地,如松辽盆地油页岩的形成与全球缺氧事件有关,而缺氧事件常与海平面变化关系密切。新的评价体系把油页岩边界品位-含油率(ω)定为3.5%,并按不同品级、不同埋藏深度进行油页岩资源系统评价。坚持综合开发和利用,走炼油-化工-发电-多金属提取-建材一条龙联合生产是最佳开发利用途径。中国油页岩工业在中长期内将可实现油页岩工业化,具有广阔前景。

Oil shale is a kind of important alternative resource of energy. In China, oil shale resource is concentrated in fifteen provinces （district） and the identified resources is estimated at 32. 989 billion tons, which is only behind America, Brazil and Estonia. Oil shale of Jilin Province, Guangdong Province and Liaoning Province covers 52.83%（17. 427 billion tons）, 16.72%（5. 515 billion tons） and 13.65%（4. 505 billion tons） of the countrywide identified resources respectively. Oil shale of China has its own characters that mostly deposits in the Cenozoic and was formed in continental environment. The high grade oil shale （yield by weight of rock） deposits of China mainly distribute in Cenozoic small-scale fault basin of assembling coal, thus the low oil rate of oil shale with huge resources deposits mostly distribute in Upper Cretaceous large-scale petroleum depression basin. The formation of oil shale deposits in small-scale fault basin of China （such as Huadian） is mainly affected by tectonic and climate function, thus the formation of Oil-shale deposits in large-scale depression basin （such as Songliao Basin） relates to global anoxic event, which often changes with the sea-level tightly. The new evaluation system defined the lowest grade oil shale as follows ： “The Fischer assay yield of the oil shale is not less than 3.5 wt%”. During the assessment, different grade and buried depth are adopted in the new evaluation system. In order to exploit and utilize oil shale effectively, it is the best way to combine oil-refining, chemicals production, generation of electricity, metal refining and building materials production into a whole multi-purpose utilization. The oil shale industrialization of China will come true in a middle-long term with great development prospect.