论“素质教育”与“应试教育”的对立性

On the Opposite of Quality-oriented Education to Exam-oriented Education

从事实的角度看，“应试”仅仅是一个中性词，它既不必然是贬义的，也不必然是褒义的。但“应试教育”与“应试”不能混同。“应试教育”并不是因为教育中存在着“应试”的“事实”，而是因为有其特定的“价值”，故“应试教育”在根本上是一个价值判断而不是一个事实判断。从价值判断的意义上讲，应试教育是一个特定的贬义性概念。同理，对与之对应的“素质教育”的概念亦当用这样的思维方式来把握。对“素质教育”与“应试教育”概念的把握方式以及怎样理解“对立”的内涵，是认识两种教育是否具有对立性的关键。

As a matter of fact, the word “exam-orientation” is just a neutral expression which is not necessarily negative or positive. However, “exam-orientation” should not be confused with “exam-oriented education”. The latter is naturally a value-based judgment rather than a reality-based judgment, because there is a specific value instead of the reality of exam-orientation in the education. According to the value-based judgment, exam-oriented education is specifically a negative concept. It is the same to the concept of quality-oriented education. The way of understanding the concept of quality-oriented education and that of exam-oriented education and how the annotation of opposition is made are the key to the judgment between the two types of education.