公路防沙设计中夸大沙害严重性原因分析

Analysis on Overestimating of Blown Sand Disasters during Sand-control Designs of Highways

在多年实践的基础上逐渐认识到,在多种因素影响下,研究人员在进行公路防沙设计时,往往会夸大沙害的严重性。要解决这一问题,首先应认识到,当有风沙吹向公路时,并不一定会有较为严重的沙害;其次,要认识到在沙漠的不同区域,如沙丘分布区与平坦的流沙地等,其风沙运动规律及沙害特征等,会有很大不同;此外,还应注意到防沙工程对外侧来沙的容纳量要比我们以前所认为的要大得多。本文从沙害强度与输沙率之间的关系、阻沙栅栏的导沙与阻沙作用、固沙带中积沙的不均匀性、公路的输沙作用、沙害防治的评价标准等方面入手,对此问题进行较为全面地探讨。

On basis of long design practices, we realized that the blown sand disasters along highways were overestimated by many researchers during designs on sand-control engineering due to influences of many factors. To avoid this confusion the principal acknowledge is that there may not be serious sand disasters when the sands are blown towards the highways; the second is that there are significant differences on wind activities and sand disasters in dune and sand-sheet areas; the last is that the sand capacity of the engineering is far higher than that we previously estimated. Through discussions on relations of sand disaster grades and transport rates, shield and conduction efficiencies of fences, disequilibrium of sand deposits within the sand-fixed belts, sand transport functions of highways, and evaluating standards of sand controls, a approach on overestimating of blown sand disasters was expressed in this paper.