日本违宪审查学说面面观

Views on Japanese unconstitutional Examination Theory

日本违宪审查制是从美国移植过来的,属于美国式普通法院审查制类型。日本宪法界真正开始研究宪法诉讼是从1960年代开始的。日本违宪审查理论包括违宪审查的性质、对象等学说,法院不轻易宣布代表国民意志的国会的立法无效。日本宪法引进的违宪审查制度在日本社会中至少产生了两方面的积极影响:一是使议会和政府在行使权力过程中更为谨慎,不得不考虑宪法规范的存在;二是提高了公民的宪法意识和人权意识。

Japanese unconstitutional examination system is transplanted from U. S. A., which belongs to the type of American ordinary court examination. The research on constitutional lawsuit of Japanese constitution circle begins since 1960 times. Japanese unconstitutional examination theory includes the nature and target of unconstitutional examination, etc. The court does not claim easily that the congress＇s legislation from the national will be invalid. Japan introduced unconstitutional examination system which produced two positive impacts at least： Firstly, it makes the parliament and government more prudent in the course of exercising power, and must abide by the Constitution; Secondly, it improves the citizen＇s constitutional consciousness and human rights consciousness.