马克思人力思想的核心与特征

The Core and Character of Karl Marx's Human Force Theory

马克思不可能有“人力资本”理论,用“西方人力资本”的逻辑来解读马克思关于“人”的经济论述是不适当的。与西方经济学把“人力”依附于资本逻辑上不同,马克思是把“人力”作为批判“资本”(物质资本)的对立物而高举人权大旗的。“以人为本”而不是“以资(物)为本”是马克思人力思想的核心;马克思关于人的本质及主体地位的论述是马克思人力思想最为重要的哲学基础;马克思关于人的全面发展理论是马克思人力理论的目的论;马克思关于自由人联合体和重建个人所有制的设想是马克思人力产权的实现形式。

Karl Marx eouldn＇ t invent “human capital” theory, so it is inappropriate to expound Marx＇ s economic theory of “human” with the logic of “human capital”. Different from the western economic logic in which “human force” is attached to capital, Marx advocated human rights using “human force” as the opponent to criticize “capital” （physical capital）. “Human overriding” rather than “capital overriding” is the core of Marx＇ s theory of human. Marx＇ s theory about human nature and foremost position is the philosophy foundation of his theory of human force. Marx＇ s theory of all-rounded developed human is the objective of his theory of human force. And, Marx＇ s free individual combo and restructuring individual ownership is the realization form of his human force property right.