近10年北京经济职能的发展变化

Changes in the Economic Functions of Beijing,1992-2002: Based on the Inter-industrial Linkage and Economic Base Theory

利用北京1992年、1997年和2002年投入产出表信息,根据净输出判断城市基本部门,采用主成分—因子分析等方法辨识产业群,借此分析了北京近10年间的经济功能变化。电子和信息产业群、医药产业群是北京第三功能优势和科技优势与第二产业的结合而发展的基本部门群。造纸及文教用品、家具制造业与高级服务业也形成了一个关联较密切的产业群。资源环境条件对北京的产业发展产生了一定的约束,但钢铁和机械工业群与石油加工和化学工业群中核心产业的发展却出现了相反的趋势,后者利用已有基础和相对有利的微观区位获得了明显的发展。本文尝试性地提出了“基本部门群”的概念,即核心产业为城市基本部门的产业群。

Integrating the industrial group and economic base analysis, this paper proposes the concept of basic sector group in which key industries belong to basic sectors, and analyzes changes in the economic functions of Beijing during 1992-2002. Based on input-output tables of Beijing in 1992, 1997 and 2002, several critical industrial groups are identified applying principal component-factor analysis and the basic sectors are singled out through net exporting analysis in corresponding years. Industrial group analysis in this paper only emphasizes the inter-industrial goods linkages. During the period, the steel-mechanical industrial group confronted serious resource limitations and environmental protection requirements while the petroleum processing ＆ chemical industrial group developed fairly well and grew into a basic sector group. Strong industrial bases and local demand facilitated the formation of motor vehicle manufacturing group, food processing and manufacturing group, textile ＆ sewing industrial group and construction group, which enjoyed some comparative advantages, but have not developed into basic sector groups yet. Because of Beijing＇s strong advantages in scientific research and technology, electronic and information technology industry and medical treatment, medicine and medical mechanical manufacturing industry have developed into basic sector groups respectively. Due to the strong intermediate demand and solid industrial bases, a special basic sector group has been made up by advanced services and some manufacturing industries such as papermaking ＆ paper products, printing ＆ record medium reproduction, stationery, education ＆ sports goods and furniture manufacturing. The developed basic sector groups will provide strong industrial support of economic functions in Beijing.