我国东部三市夏季高温气候特征及原因分析

Climatic Character and Cause Analysis of Summer High Temperature in Main Cities of East China

利用1961-2000年夏季(6～8月)月高温资料,探讨了石家庄、南京、福州的高温气候特征,给出了高温天气过程原因分析及东亚副热带高压(下称东亚副高)的活动特点.结果表明,石家庄测站强高温过程期间干热和闷热天气持续时间不长,极端气温高,日平均风速小,日平均相对湿度小;南京和福州测站强高温过程期间闷热天气持续时间长,极端气温不高,日平均风速小,日平均相对湿度大.我国东部地区近40年来夏季月平均日照时数在减少.东亚副高和大陆变性高压是造成我国东部地区城市夏季危害性高温的主要影响系统,强盛并持续副高和大陆变性高压控制是我国东部地区高温日数和强高温过程偏多的主要原因.

Based on the high temperature data in East China during June-August 1961-2000, the climatic character of high temperature weather in Shijiazhuang, Nanjing and Fuzhou are analyzed. The variable features of the subtropical high and reason of high temperature weather are discussed. The results show that the duration of dry-and-muggy weather during severe high temperature process at shijiazhuang station is no long, but the extreme temperature is high, daily mean wind speed and relative humidity are small; and vice versa, at Nanjin and Fuzhou stations, but for the daily mean speed and extreme temperature. In the last 40 years, the monthly mean sunshine duration has reduced in summer of East China. The subtropical high and continental denatured high are to cause the main effect system of high tempearture of damage in East China in summer, which is an important reason of the increasing of day of severe muggy high temperature weather and high temperature time in the most of cities of East China.