纳米生物技术基因治疗载体研究进展

Nanobiotechnological Gene Transfer Vectors in Gene Therapy

基因治疗已在治疗多种人类重大疾病如遗传病、肿瘤等方面显示出良好的应用前景,但也面临着巨大的挑战,其中之一就是需要安全、高效、靶向的载体系统。纳米生物材料,如脂质体、聚丙交酯-乙交酯(PLGA),聚乳酸(PLA)等,由于具有良好的生物安全性、可方便有效地实现基因靶向性及高效表达和缓释,成为制备高效、靶向的基因治疗载体系统的良好介质,日益在基因治疗载体系统中受到广泛重视。本文综述了目前在基因治疗领域中常用的纳米载体的生物学特性,以及它们的最新研究进展。

Gene therapy has shown great potentials in the treatment of a number of human key diseases, such as genetic diseases, cancer and so on, yet there are still some big challenges to face. One of these challenges is how to develop efficient, safe, targeting and controlled release gene delivery systems. With the progress of nanobiotechnologies, some nanobiomaterlals such as liposome, poly （D, L lactic-co-glycolic acid） and poly （Llactide） have great potencies in developing the ideal gene transfer vector, just because of their properties of biocompatibility, bio-degradation, controllable release, easy modification for targeting and so on. In this review is presented a summary of the excellent properties of the nanobiotechnological gene delivery systems and their recent encouraging advances.