空间粉尘对航天器高温热管撞击效应的研究

Effect of space dust impact on high temperature thermal pipes for spacecraft

本文利用爆炸式和电磁式加速器模拟研究空间粉尘粒子对高温热管的碰撞损伤效应.研究表明,微米级粉尘粒子难以击穿航天器高温热管管壁,但对热管表面的热控涂层光学性能变化有较大影响.亚毫米级粉尘粒子取决于速度的不同,高温热管由表面热控涂层光学性能下降一直到被击穿发生载热体的泄漏现象.针对高温热管在高速粉尘粒子撞击下的运行密封性和辐射功率等问题进行了试验研究及理论分析.测量结果表明,高温热管在工作温度T=900 K时,被粉尘粒子击穿的速度由常温下的5.3 km/s降为4.8 km/s.

t： Under the space dust environment, liquid metal heat pipe in spacecraft suffered from the different damage degrees, and the airtight ness and radiated power of liquid metal heat pipe were studied with high speed dust ramming. The space dust ramming on liquid metal heat pipe was simulated on the explosion and electromagnetic accelerator. The experimental results show the phenomena appear in succession from optical property duration of surface thermal control coating to breakdown and leak of heating medium, which are dependence on the vacuity of space dust. Theoretical calculations show that the critical breakdown value of space dust decrease from 5.3km/s to 4. 8km/s at work temperature of liquid metal heat pipe T =900 K.