400例独生子女病残儿鉴定分析与二胎儿随访

Analysis of four hundreds identified sick and disabled only children and second children follow-up

１９８１年１１月－１９９４年１２月，我院共鉴定独生子女病残儿４００例。除１０例未发现明显异常外，余下的疾病有百余种，大致分了七类，神经系统疾病２００例（５０％），其中智力低下（ＭＲ）１７４例，又占神经系统疾病中的８７％，说明ＭＲ已是当前引致小儿残疾的主要疾患。先天性遗传性疾病２１５例，占了总数的５３．７５％，说明加强优生与孕期保健工作的重要性。作者对可生育二胎者随机随访了５４例，３６例（６６．７％）已生育了二胎，大部小儿生长健康，仅２例异常，１例６个月死于心肌炎，另一例为出生低体重（２２５０ｇ），似乎与第一胎之残疾关系不大。说明病残儿医学鉴定小组的监护对第二胎的出生质量是至关重要的。

Four hurdred cases of sick and disabled only children were identified during the periad from Nov., 1981 to Dec., 1994 in our hispital. Except10 cases were normal, more than one hundred kinds of disease could be found in 390 cases.There diseases could be divided in seven types.Among 200 cases with nervous system diseases.There were 174 cases with mental retardation( MR 87%).The fact indicated that MR currently become the main problem of children disability. Congenital and hereditary diseases 215cases ( 53. 75% ) were found, which suggested that the eugenics and health care of pregnancy should be very important.Fifty four couples got the permition to have second child by identifying group for sick and disabled children.only 36 children ( 66. 7%)were borne. All were healthy and growing up normaly. Except 2 children,one who died of acute myocarditis at 6 months of age. The another had low birth weight ( 2250 g). So that the monitoring of identifying group for sick and disabled children to the second children was very important for birth quality.