中国鳅属鱼类的副性征、噶氏斑纹和分类整理(鲤形目,鳅科,鳅亚科)

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS, PIGMENTARY ZONES OF GAMBETTA AND TAXONOMICAL REVISION THE GENUS COBITIS FROM CHINA (PISCES, COBITIDAE, COBITINAE)

根据噶氏斑纹和雄性个体的副性征,对我国的鳅属鱼类进行了分类整理。一直被作为中华鳅Cobitissinensis Sauvageet Dabry,1874同物异名的长吻鳅C.dolichor hynchus Nichols,1918和稀有鳅C.rarusChen,1981不仅在噶氏斑纹上存在差异,而且它们雄性个体的副性征也明显有别,为有效种;而1925年Nichols命名的花斑鳅C.melanoleuca Nichols,1925与北方鳅C.granoeiRendahl,1935或中华鳅不同,也为有效种。因此,鳅属鱼类在我国共有8种,即中华鳅、黑龙江鳅C.lutheriRendahl,1935、北方鳅、稀有鳅、沙花鳅C.arenae(Lin),1943、长吻鳅、花斑鳅和大斑鳅C.macrostigmaDabry,1872。这8种鱼类的雄性个体在胸鳍基部第1根分枝鳍条上均具有一个骨质突起(lamina circularis),且鳞片小,呈圆形或椭圆形,鳞焦大等特征;可进一步划归为鳅属中的鳅亚属Cobitiss.str.。

Loaches of the genus Cobitis of the subfamily Cobitinae are small benthic freshwater fishes with a wide distribution area covering large parts of Eurasia and one additional species in north-west Africa. Classification of the genus Cobitis has been studied by many authors in China, and eight species of this genus were described. They are Cobitis macrostigma Dabry, 1872, Cobitis sinensis Sauvage et Dabry, 1874, Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918, Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925, Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935, Cobitis granoei Rendal 1935, Cobitis arenae （Lin）, 1943 and Cobitis rarus Chen, 1981. But their identification was not explained by the morphological features such as the number and shape of lamina circularis in males, pigmentary zones of Gambetta, and body scales, which was diagnostic characters of genus Cobitis . I^aches of Cobitis are characterized by the marked sexual dimorphism and pigmentary zones of Gambetta. There is an osseous lamina circularis on the base of the first branched ray of pectoral fin in males and the rays length is longer and thicker than that of females. In fact, males are usually smaller overall thanfemales, having proportionally longer pectoral, dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins. Males also have longer barbels. Dorsal fin is inserted from more posterior part in females. Speckles pattern on the body side presented five pigmentary zone of Gambetta, which is the five lines of dark speckles on the dorsal-lateral side of the trunk of Cobitis, called L1-L5. The present work was a taxonomical revision of the Chinese loaches of the genus Cobitis, based on the specimens kept in the Freshwater Fishes Museum, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province. Eight species are valid, including of the species of C. dolichorhynchus, C. melanoleuca and C. rarus Chen, which were not valid by many authors. Those loaches are assigned to the subgenus Cobitis s. str. Bacesu, 1961, which is characterized by one lamina circularis on the first branched ray of pectoral fin of males and small, oval or round scales with large and almost central focus area. In details, male C. arenae has a caeciform la- mina circularis at the base of first ray of pectoral fin; male C. granoei, a semilunar lamina circularis; male C. lutheri, a stemlike lamina circularis; male C.sinensis, a cystiform lamina circularis; male C. dolichorhynchus, a semicircular knife-shaped lamina circularis; male C. melanoleuca a kidney-shaped lamina circularis; male C. rarus, a slender fingered lamina circularis, and male C. macrostigma, a dentiform lamina circularis.