寿康宫沿革略考

An Outline Study of the Evolution of Shoukang Palace

寿康宫位于紫禁城外西路,慈宁宫西侧,是皇太后的生活区。始建于雍正十三年(1735年)十二月,建成于乾隆元年(1736年)十月。是乾隆皇帝为其生母孝圣宪太后建造的寝宫,其后历有沿用。这一区建筑是清代形成的布局,是单体建筑形制的群体组合。布局完整,功能、设施齐全。各建筑之间既主次关系分明,又与总体布局和谐统一。本文结合维修工程,通过对史料的分析及实地考察,综合论述了寿康宫营建的历史背景、原因、规划特点以及寿康宫与寿安宫、慈宁宫的历史关系,提出了存疑的一些问题。

Located on the outer western road of the Forbidden City and on the western side of the Cining Palace, Shoukang Palace was where the emperors’ mothers (huangtaihou) lived. Construction of the palace commenced in the 12th month of the 13th year (1735-6) of the Yingzheng Emperor’s reign, and was completed in the 10th month of 1st year (1736-7) of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The palace was completed to house the birth mother of the Qianlong Emperor, Xiaoshengxian Huanghou (Empress- Dowager Xiaoshengxian), and was used by later emperors to also house their mothers. The layout is fully appointed with all facilities provided. There is a clear hierarchical arrangement within the complex itself, and the complex in turn con?rms with the overall palace plan. From archival information the author outlines the comprehensive historical background and reasons for the reasons for the construction of the complex, as well as combining this with information gained from the reconstruction of the buildings, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the building’s plan, and outlining questions related to the historical relationship between this palace and two other palace complexes – the Shou’an Palace and the Cining Palace.