从历代帝王庙维修保护的实践看我国文物古建筑保护修缮的特殊规律

The Idiosyncratic Rules Governing the Preservation and Restoration of Ancient Chinese Architecture as Seen from the Practice of Conserving Ancient Imperial Temples

本文紧密结合北京历代帝王庙保护维修工程的实践,谈论了在古建筑文物保护工程中贯彻《中华人民共和国文物保护法》和《中国文物古迹保护准则》中各项原则及规定的具体做法;阐明了我国古建筑在建筑形式、结构特点、材料技术、构造做法、损毁规律及维修方法等方面与西方古建筑的诸多区别,揭示了我国古建筑保护修缮的特殊规律。明确提出对西方国家先进的文物保护理念应当认真学习,但对他们的具体做法绝不可原样照搬。作者主张紧密结合我国文物保护工作的实践,不断总结经验,逐步确立有中国特色的文物保护修缮的理论体系和实践体系,并在这个体系的指导下做好我国文物古建筑的保护修缮工作。

This article ties the practical details of conserving the ancient imperial temples of Beijing with the clauses and practical measures enshrined in The PRC Cultural Relics Protection Law and Protection Regulations for Chinese Cultural Relics Sites. The author distinguishes between the speci?cs of the construction, structural idiosyncrasies, materials’ technologies, structural methods, rules governing the crumbling and protection of ancient Chinese buildings as these differ from those pertaining to ancient Western architecture, and reveals that Chinese ancient architecture conforms to its own unique requirements for conservation and preservation. The author points out that the principles behind Western conservation need to be ardently studied, but they cannot be applied in toto to Chinese buildings. The author argues for the constant synthesis of all Chinese experience in the ?eld of building preservation, so that a theoretical and practical system of Chinese architectural preservation can be evolved, which will best suit the needs of acting as a guide for the preservation and restoration of China’s architectural heritage.