故宫博物院古建筑防雷保护工作的回顾

The Practice of the Lightning Prooing of Ancient Buildings in the Gugong (Palace Museum)

北京故宫在建成之时,就有雷害伴随,不断出现雷击起火,损毁建筑物的事故。本文回顾了故宫博物院上世纪50年代以来古建筑防雷工作的情况,特别是1984年国家颁布试行《建筑防雷设计规范》后,对故宫古建筑之材料进行相关的数据调查和实验,作为防雷设计的依据。同时对防雷问题较严重的几座殿宇的防雷装置的改进,大大提高了防雷保护能力。此外,作者还对故宫落雷的条件和一些雷击事故加以科学分析。

Lightning has proved a serious fire hazard and the source of many conflagrations in the Forbidden City since the time of its construction. This article provides a retrospective on the lightning mitigation work carried out at the Palace Museum since the 1950s. Especially since the implementation of state regulations in 1984 regarding lightning prevention, a number of experiment have been conducted to ascertain statistically problems related to the materials used in the palace’s structures in order to prevent lightning damage. At the same time buildings seriously at risk have seen fire prevention facilities augmented, so that the well protected area has been greatly extended. The author also scienti?cally analyses the lightning threat to the Forbidden City and a number of incidents that have occurred.