高吸水性树脂的辐射引发合成与性能

The Irradiation initiated Synthesis and Property of High Water absorbing Resin

本文以降低生产成本为目的，选用价廉、无毒且易得的天然淀粉为原料，采用γ射线辐射引发一步法接枝共聚，合成了淀粉－丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂，该方法具有工艺简单，生产成本低，树脂吸水率高等显著特点，有利于规模生产，是一种综合性能好的高吸水性树脂。用所得产品进行吸水性、保水性等性能测试，结果表明：该树脂可吸蒸馏水２３００ｇ／ｇ，吸０．９％ＮａＣｌ１４０ｇ／ｇ；吸水速度快，一分钟内可达极限值；压力下保水性很好，聚合物吸水后呈凝胶状态，受外力水分子跑出很少；温度对树脂的保水性影响较大；水分挥发性小；树脂粒径越小，吸水速度越快；而树脂粒径越大。

With the aim of lowering the production cost, a high water absorbing resin, starch sodium acrylate, was prepared by γ ray irradiation initiated graft copolymerization, taking low priced, non toxic and most common natural starch as raw material. The preparation was characterized by simple process, low production cost and high water absorption of the resin, being easy for commercial production. The resin prepared was a high water absorbing resin with good over all properties. Determination of the water absorption and water holding power of the resin were made.The results showed the distilled water absorption of the resin was 2300g/g, the NaCl( 0.9% ) absorption of the resin was 140g/g; the water absorption velocity of the resin was high, being the maximum within 1 min; the water holding power under pressure was good;the polymer became a gel when water was absorbed in, and only little water molecule went out by outer force; temperature had greater effects on the water holding power of the resin; the water volatility of the resin was small;the smaller the particle diameter,the greater the water absorption velocity; but the bigger the particle diameter, the better the water holding power.