心理学利己主义和伦理学利己主义

Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism

存在两种不同的利己主义学说:心理学利己主义和伦理学利己主义,并利用当代西方伦理学的一些研究成果和作者的研究心得,探讨了两个问题。第一,“心理学利己主义”作为一种描述人性或者人的心理结构的科学学说是否为真?第二,“伦理学利己主义”作为一种规范伦理学理论是否成立?严格的论证将证明心理学利己主义作为一种人性的描述性的理论不能为真,而伦理学利己主义尽管包含了某些合理因素,但作为一种规范伦理学理论也不能成立。

The article distinguishes between psychological egoism and ethical egoism, and explores two questions, based upon some achievements in westem ethics and the author＇s own research： Does psychological egoism correctly describe human nature and psychology？ Is ethical egoism a correct normative ethical theory？ Through a series of arguments, the author concludes that psychological egoism, as a descriptive theory, does not correctly describe human nature or psychology, and that ethical egoism, as a normative ethical theory, does not hold water even though it has some advantages.