论“历史研究”──从统万城实地考察谈起

On History Study——My Reflection on the Field Work of the Town of Tongwan

关于“历史研究”必须坚持:一、历史研究不是在人的意识中复现实际的历史过程,而是在文字史料、实物史料、现存知识体系之间求取无矛盾的共同点。二、历史研究的结果有可能出现同时或异时互相矛盾的“真”。三、由主客体关系所决定的历史有三种互相联系但又互相隔绝的基本表现形式。

History study ought to observe the following criteria： first, history is not the realistic reproduction of a historical process in our consciousness, but the uncontradictory agreement reached between printed records, material evidence and the existing system of knowledge; secondly, the results of history studies may show a synchronic or asynchronic truthfulness that contradicts itself; finally, history has three interrelational but interexcluding forms of expression which depend on the relationship between subject and object.