超高产型杂交红麻中杂红305的选育

The Breeding of Kenaf Hybrid H305 with Super High Yield Disease-resistance and Wide Adaptability

中杂红305(原名“H305”)系利用外观性状茎色、叶型相似、经济性状互补性强的红麻良种为亲本,从数十个组合中筛选出杂种F1、F2代均可利用的超高产型抗病优质杂交组合。在入选的杂交红麻杂优组合F1、F2代的杂种组合比较中,杂优组合的一、二代的优势是显著的。在比较试验中,其中超高产型杂优组合H305F2分别比KB2、74-3增产23.97%、33.47%,达极显著水平,居首位。在1999-2000年全国红麻区域试验中,H305F(2)平均纤维产量3691.5kgh/m2,比对照红引135平均增产22.1%,居首位,较对照和其它参试新品种增产显著。平均干茎产量20289kgh/m2,较对照增产26.5%,表现出植株高大,皮较厚,有效株数多,干茎产量和出麻率均高,抗病性强,纤维品质好,纤维品质经农业部麻类产品质量监督检验测试中心检测,纤维支数289支,强力474牛顿,优于对照品种。采用硫酸盐法制浆,H305的平均干茎纸浆得率为47.9%,高于对照。人工接菌炭疽病鉴定,病情指数为23.5,烂头率为1.8%,属于高抗类型。表明中杂红H305是高产、优质、多抗、适应性广的纺织、造纸兼用的红麻新组合。红麻超高产型杂种二代的利用可大大降低种子成本,不仅红麻杂种优势的利用在生产上大面积推广应用成为可能,而且可显著提高麻农的经济效益和社会效益,其前景非常广阔。

Kenaf hybrid H305F1 and F2, green stem, divided leaf, which was bred and selected from several decades of kenaf crosses, is the most promising hybrid, both its F1 and F2 can be used in production at present. The average fiber yield of H305F2 was 4965 kg/hm^2, 33.4% and 23.9% higher than that of CK 74 - 3 and KB2 respectively in comparison of kenaf hybrids in 1997, 3691.5kg/hm^2, 22. 1% higher than that of CK＂Hongying135＂ in national kenaf trial at 7 locations in 2 years（ 1999 -2000）, the highest among new lines and hybrids. Average dry stalk yield of H305F2 was 20. 29 t/hm^2, 26.5% higher than that of CK at 4 sites. Its average fiber strength was 474N（lg fiber, length 30cm）, fineness 289m/ g. The ratio of bark to stalk was 38.1%, ratio of pulp to dry stalk 47.9% by kraft pulping. The main advantages of kenaf hybrid H305 were large plants, more available plants at final harvest, superior fiber quality, high resistance to the anthracnose disease and wide adaptability. The utilization of super high yield kenaf hybrid F2 can greatly decrease the cost of seeds, strengthen the fast extension of hybrid.