证候的概念及其属性

Concept and attributes of syndrome manifestations

通过回顾中医证候概念及其在诊断治疗中作用的研究文献,提出证候是对四诊(望、闻、问、切)信息表达的疾病病理生理变化整体反应状态的概括,具有内实外虚、多维界面和动态时空的表现特征。证候有别于西医学中的疾病和疾病的亚型,而是一种在疾病背景下独立存在的病理生理整体反应状态,是同病异证、异病同证的理论依据。证候不仅具有诊断学属性,更重要的是具有病理生理学属性和治疗学属性。证候靶位便是证候的治疗学属性的体现,即证候不仅是中药方剂的治疗目标,而且也是中药方剂的效应基础,是异病同治和同病异治的理论依据。这是一个具有创新意义的值得探索的科学问题。

The paper reviewed the research documents on the concept of syndrome manifestations of Chinese medicine and their effects on the diagnosis and treatment, pointed out that syndrome manifestations summarized the whole condition of the pathological and physiological changes of a disease expressed in four diagnostic methods （ inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry and feeling the pulse）. They have the characteristics of internal sthenia and external asthenia, multi -dimension interface and dynamic time and space. The syndrome manifestations are not the diseases or sub - types of a disease of western medicine. They are the whole reflected state of pathology and physiology in the background of a disease. They are the theory basis of “the same disease with different symptoms and different diseases with the same symptom”. The syndrome manifestations have not only the diagnostic attribute but also pathological, physiological and therapeutic attributes. The target of syndrome manifestation reflects the therapeutic attributes of syndrome manifestations. That means the syndrome manifestations are not only the objective of the treatment with prescriptions of Chinese medicine, but also the effective base. This is the theory foundation of “ different diseases treated with the same therapy and the same disease treated with different therapies”. It is a scientific question with new significance being worth studying.