水肥互作对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Water-fertilizer Interaction on Growth and Yield of Maize

在人工模拟条件下,采用“311-B”D饱和最优设计,探讨了水肥交互作用对玉米株高、茎基宽和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米植株的株高与氮肥、灌水量、磷肥用量都呈正相关,其中氮肥用量影响最大,灌水量次之,磷肥用量影响最小;但氮肥用量与灌水量的交互、氮肥和磷肥的交互与株高呈负相关。与氮肥用量和灌水量的平方项呈负相关,说明过量的氮肥或灌水量都对植株的株高呈负效应。同样,玉米的茎基宽与氮肥用量、灌水量、磷肥用量呈正相关,其中氮肥对茎基宽的影响最为明显,灌水量次之,磷肥用量的影响最小。在本试验中,氮肥用量与灌水量的交互、磷肥和灌水量的交互与茎基宽呈正相关。氮肥、磷肥和灌水量对玉米产量均具有正效应,且符合报酬递减定律,过量施肥、灌水会引起明显的负效应,造成玉米减产。

Effects of water-fertilizer interaction on plant height, width of stem and yield of maize were discussed by “311-B”D optimummixed design under stimulated climate conditions. The results showed that plant height was positively correlated with N fertilizer, irrigation and P fertilizer. The order which they effected on plant height was N fertilizer〉 irrigation〉 P fertilizer. But it was negatively correlated with N fertilizer-irrigation interaction and N fertilize-P fertilizer interaction. It was negatively correlated with square of N fertilizer and square of irrigation, which means that too much N fertilizer or irrigation showed a negative response to plant height. Width of stem was positively correlated with N fertilizer, irrigation and P fertilizer, and the order which they effected on it was N fertilizer〉 irrigation〉 P fertilizer. Width of stem was positively correlated with N fertilizer-irrigation interaction and P fertilizer-irrigation interaction in this experiment. N fertilizer, P fertilizer and irrigation showed a positive response to yield. However, too much application of fertilizers and irrigation showed a negative response to yield, and it suited for the law of reward decreasing.