生态旅游本土化问题研究

Research on Indigenous Ecotourism

如何在接受西方生态旅游新观念的同时,又保持自己的本土特色,是值得我们认真关注的一个课题。生态价值观是人类如何看待同自然关系的一种整体意识,中西方生态价值观在历史进程中表现出相异的特点:西方主张人地分立,中国力求“天人合一”,但这一特点在当代又有所变异。受此影响,西方生态旅游资源强调其自然属性,而中国则以自然和人文融合的旅游资源为基础。因此,西方生态旅游市场呈现出一元特征,而中国则必须同时考虑市场的消费和培育双重功能,构造高端和大众二元结构的市场。大众生态旅游是现阶段朝向西方式严格生态旅游的一个有益过渡。注重本土化色彩的生态旅游认证体系的推行,生态旅游区的建设,以及生态旅游产品的开发是发展中国生态旅游的当务之急。

The concept of ecotourism origined from the West in the 1980s＇, and was introduced to China in the 1990s＇. Because of many differences between the West and China, when accepting the new western idea of ecotourism, how does China, as a developing country, keep its own character istics？ It is worth of our deep thinking. This paper tries to discuss the problem in the following three aspects： ecological ethic, ecotourism resource and ecotourism market, and to find a way to the development of ecotourism in China. Ecological ethic is a human thought to the relationship between man and nature, and there were so many differences between the West and China during the historic process： China pursued the combination of man and nature, while the West tended to separate man from nature. But today the situation has changed a bit： in the West, anthropocentric is transferring to biocentric step by step; in China, the traditional idea of the combination of man and nature is often ignored the idea was wrongly used in ancient time and China did not experience the pain from environmental tragedies in the western industrial society. Under the influence from the ecological ethic, the West emphasizes the natural character-istics of ecotourism resource, while China regards the union of human landscape and natural landscape as the foundation of ecotourism resource. Through the inquiry of 687 guests, we found that ecotourists had many different character istics between the West and China. Therefore, western ecotourism market is a single one, in which tourists are often those with a high salary, plenty of leisure time, and much environmentalism in their mind. However, China is facing many problems, which must give the market two functions： consumpation and cultivation. Then a two-element（top and public） ecotourism market is sure to be established. But we should know that public ecotourism is only a beneficial transition to a rigorous one like that in the West today. Creating and implementing Chinese ecotourism of the system of quality certification, building Chinese public ecotourist areas, and developing Chinese ecotourism products are the keys to the development of ecotourism in China.