美洲粮食作物的传入对我国农业生产和社会经济的影响

Influence of the Introduction of American Cereal Crops on Agricultural Production and Social Economy of China

明清时期美洲粮食作物玉米、番薯、马铃薯传入我国,对我国农业生产和社会经济发展起到了一定的促进作用。本文从耕地面积扩大、粮食亩产量提高和粮食总产量增加及粮食作物结构变动情况考察它们对我国农业生产的影响;又从山区开发、粮食商品化、经济作物种植及手工业和商业的发展等几方面考察它们对我国社会经济的影响。

During the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties, three high - yield varieties of American cereal crops：maize, sweet potato and potato, were introduced into China. They had pushed forward agricultural production and prompted the development of social economy of China. This paper researches their influences on grain production from the aspects of farmland extending and grain output increasing. And the crops structure had changed as well. Then the paper researches their influences on the development of social economy from the aspects of commodity grain, the development of mountain areas, industry crops planting and the advancement of handicraft industry and commerce.