玉米胚乳蛋白质及氨基酸遗传控制的研究现状

Status of Research in Genetic Control of Proteins and Amino Acids in Maize Endosperm

玉米胚乳蛋白质以醇溶性胶蛋白为主，缺乏赖氨酸、色氨酸等必需氨基酸。其数量和品质随遗传背景、基因组合及突变体种类的不同而有较大差异。通过连续选择、诱导基因突变等手段，可有效地提高蛋白质含量，改善蛋白质品质。但蛋白质和氨基酸的合成是受大量结构基因和调节基因控制的，其过程十分复杂，仍需深入研究。

Maize endosperm mainly Contains zein, laking necessary amino acid such as lysine, methione and so on. Both quantity and quality of the protein sreatly varies from genetic background, gene combination and mutants. The quality can be improved, and the quantity can be efficiently increased by continualy selecting and inducing of mutation. However, the whole synthetic process of proteins and amino acids is very complicated and controled by lots of structural and controlling genes. All of these should be studied deeply.