安全社区模式及其运行机制研究

Study on Pattern and Operation Mechanism of Community Safety

社区建设是当前我国城市发展中的一个热点课题,社区安全对实现公共安全建设有着重要的意义。安全社区的概念和理论研究源自于安全管理,对社区安全理论的研究可以为安全社区的发展提供重要的依据和思路,还可以为社区安全管理体系的建立奠定基础。笔者简要论述国内外安全社区建设的发展状况,介绍世界卫生组织安全社区的认可标准及其有关指标,并评价我国实现安全活动的两大创新理论,解释当代人的安全第一公理概念,在该基础上提出了安全社区建设的基本模式———“自组织”与“他组织”相结合的模式与安全文化教育模式,并根据区域灾害形成过程中的灾害分散与转移的概念化方式,提出构建安全社区防灾减灾的运行机制及建议与对策。

Community construction is a hot topic in current city life in China, the community safety is significant in realizing public security construction. The concept and the theory of community safety are derived from safety management, the theoretical study on community safety could provide important criteria for the development of safe community, and could further provide the foundation for establishing the community safety management system. The developing trend of community safety both at home and abroad is briefly discussed; authorization standard and its relevant indexes of community safety by World Health Organization are introduced. Two theoretical innovations in reahzing safety campaign in China are evaluated; the axiom concept of Safety First is explained. On this basis, the basic pattern of community safety construction is suggested, i.e. the pattern of the combination of “self-orgatfizafion”and“other-organtion”and the pattern of safety culture education. How to construct the operation mechanism of disaster prevention and mitigation in the construction of community safety according to the generalization of the calamity scatter and transfer in the formation process of the regional calamity is suggested and its countermeasures put forward.