黄土高原沟壑区小流域综合治理模式──以长武王东沟小流域为例

Model of Comprehennsive Harnessing at Small Watershed in Gullied Region of Loess Plateau──A Case Study at Wangdong Gully Small Watershed in Changwu County

黄土高原沟壑区的小流域综合治理的目的是建立该区域高效农业生态经济系统。王东沟小流域实施综合治理１０年来成效显著，体现在农村产业结构发生显著变化，粮食生产持续发展，土地资源得到高效开发利用，小流域沟坡防蚀道路网建成，粮食单产１０年平均３７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２以上，农民人均纯收入由２３０元增加到１３１３元，水土流失量由原来的１８６０ｔ／（ｋｍ２·ａ）控制在８００ｔ／（ｋｍ￣２·ａ）以下，林草覆盖率由１８％上升到３９．５％，综合治理的重点是全方位高效开发利用土地资源，在塬区提高源面土地生产力，拦蓄村庄、道路场院等非农田硬地面产流；在沟坡发展经济林果带，建立沟坡道路防蚀技术体系；在沟谷建立水土保持林，寓水土保持措施于小流域经济开发全过程之中，实现社会、经济、生态三大效益同步增长。

The objective of small watershed comprehensive harness in gullied region of loessplateau is to form a efficient agrictiIttiral eco-economic system. After the small watershedcomprehensive harnessing at Waiigdong gtilly for 10 years,an obvious benefit has beenachieved as follows:1.the agricultural structLire has been changed remarkably;2. the land re-sources has been unitilized efficiei1tly;3. the road net for erosion controlling of gully slope atsmall watershed has been built;4. the average productivity of grain is 3750kg/hm2;5.the netincome per capita from 230 Yuan to 1 313 Yuan;6.the sediment discharge reduces from 1860t/(km2. a)to 800/(km2. a); .the ratio of forested area rises from 18%to 39.5%. Thekey to comprehensive harnessing is to use land resources efficiently and in all-round way,itincludes to raise laiid productive force,to retain the runoff from village road and stiff groundin plateaLi region;to develop economic fruit beIt and set up erosion controlling techniques sys-tem in gully slope;to construct forest belt of soil and water conservation in the valley. Final-ly,the benefits of society, ecollomy and ecology are achieved at the same time.