南方高产茶园土壤养分特性

Nutrient Properties of High-Productive Tea-Garden Soils in South China

本文对南方高产获园土壤养分特性进行研究．结果表明，高产茶园土壤表层碱解Ｎ１００．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ、全Ｎ１．３８ｇ／ｋｇ．有机质３１．０ｇ／ｋｇ，均按丰富；茶叶产量与上壤碱解Ｎ呈显著正相关．由于重施磷肥，磷素在土壤中趋于积累．土壤表层全磷含量比相应的荒地土壤平均高０．４７ｇ／ｋｇ．由于少施钾肥．老茶园土壤比荒地土壤全钾含量明显下降，下降率最高达３０．２５％，平均达２５．６０％．高产茶园土壤具有独特的熟化层（２０－４０ｃｍ）．红壤茶园土壤肥力最高，赤红壤和砖红壤茶园相近．根据研究结果，建议采用‘控氮、降磷、增钾”的施肥原则．

Nutrient properties of high-productive tea-garden soils in south China were studied. Results show that the top layer(0-20cm) of high-productive tea-garden soils is rich in alkali-hydrolyzable N (100.3mg/kg),total N (1.38g/kg),and O.M.(31.0g/kg,and that the tea yield is significantly correlated to the content alkali-hydrolyzable N. Due to more p fertilizer application, P accumulation has been fond in tea-cultivated soils.The total P of the top layer is higher than that of waste lands by 0.47g/kg on the average.But the total K is much lower in old tea-cultivated soils than that of waste lands, with maximum lowering ratio 30.25 percent and the average 25.60 percent, because of less application of K fertilizer. There is a distinctive layer (20-40cm)in high-productive tea-cultivated soil Among all tea-garden soils, the red soils usually have the highest soil fertility, while the latored soils and latosols are similar in soil fertility. Based on the above research, it is suggested that stabilizing N, reducing P and increasing K be the principles of the fertilization of tea plant in this region.