冷箭竹种子特性及自然更新

SEED CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURAL REGENERATION OF ARROW BAMBOO (BASHANIA FANGIANA)

冷箭竹(Bashania fangina)为四川西部特产,分布于海拔2100～3600米之针阔叶混交林和亚高山针叶林下,是邛崃山系大熊猫的主食竹种。1983年,该竹种发生大面积的开花、结实而枯死,开花面积占竹子分布总面积的65～95％。据史书记载,冷箭竹的开花周期为50～60年。竹种萌发成林约需10年以上时间,从而导致以此为食的大熊猫发生周期性的食物危机。因此,研究冷箭竹的种子特性及幼苗更新规律,采取人为措施加速幼苗的更新复壮,这不仅是研究该物种生态生物学特性的需要,也是保护大熊猫,促进其种群繁衍的主要途径。本文描述了冷箭竹种子的净度、含水量、千粒重、生活力、发芽率、休眠期和生命期限等特性,并介绍了该竹和在自然条件下林地上的种子数量、种子发芽持续时间、幼苗更新的期数量的动态变化、幼苗成活率和幼苗的生长变化。通过这些研究,初步掌握了冷箭竹种子生命活动的一般规律和幼苗生长的基本特征,为提高高山地区冷箭竹的自然更新能力提供了科学依据。

Arrow Bamboo (Bashania fangiana) only distrbutes in the western mountains of the Sichuan Province, growing in the mixed forests of coniferous and broadleaf trees and under subalpine needl forest at about 2100—3600 metres above sea level. This kind of bamboo in Qionglai mountains is Giant Panda's staple food. In 1983, Arrow Bamboo was flowering, seeding and dying-off, and the flowered area was about 65 to 95 percent of the total area in which Arrow Bamboo distributed. Aecording to the history, Arrow Bamboo flowers every 50 to 60 years. It will take over 10 years for the seed to become adult bamboo. As a result, the Giant Pandas in this area have a periodic food crisis. Therefore, studying the seed charaeteristics and the regeneration of the seedlings and using some methods to improve their regeneration and rehabilitation are not only the need of the study on its characteristics of bio-ecology, but also strategic measures. for the research, conservation and population development of Giant Pandas. This article describes the characteristics of the seeds of Arrow Bamboos: net percent, water containing, weight of 1000 seeds, living ability, rate of sprout, resting period and life span of the seeds. It also describes the growth of the bamboo seedlings: seed quantity on the ground during the natural regeneration; lasting time of the sprouts; growth of the seedlings; seedling amount trends in the early period of the regeneration; the rate of the living seedlings; and the growth and changes of the seedlings. So the general principles of the life activity of the seeds and the growth of Arrow Bamboo seedlings have been found, providing the Scientific basis for artificial improving Arrow Bamboo's natural regeneration in high mountains.