瓜类枯萎病菌尖镰孢专化型研究初报

A Preliminary Study on Forma Specialies of Gourd Fusarium Wilt

１９８９年在郑州、开封两市郊区采集黄瓜、西瓜、瓠瓜和冬瓜枯萎病株，经分离鉴定，其病菌都是尖镰孢（ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．）。用１０种瓜类作物鉴别寄主鉴定，瓜类枯萎病菌，可分为４个专化型：黄瓜枯萎病菌属尖镰孢黄瓜专化型（Ｆ．ｏｘｙsｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ｃｕｃｕｍｅｒｉｎｕｍＯｗｅｎ）；西瓜枯萎病菌属尖镰孢西瓜专化型（Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｉｖｅｕｍ（Ｅ．Ｆ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ）ＳｎｙｄｅｒａｎｄＨａｎｓｅｎ）；瓠瓜枯萎病菌属尖镰孢葫芦专化型（Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ｌａｇｅｎａｒｉａｅＭａｔｕｏａｎｄＹａｍａｍｏｔｏ）；冬瓜枯萎病菌是一个新的专化型，定名为尖镰孢冬瓜专化型（Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓ－ｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ｂｅｎｉｎｃａｓａｅＳ．Ｚ．ＷａｎｇａｎｄＹ．Ｃ．Ｗｕｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。尖镰孢酯酶同工酶酶谱测定结果表明，４个专化型的酶谱明显不同。

In 1989,wilted plants samples of cucumber,watermelon,edible gourd and whitegourd were collected in the suburbs of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng,Henan Province.Accordingto the results of pathogen identification and forma specialis determination,it was foundthat wilted cucumber plants were caused by Fusarium oxy;porum Schl.f.sp.cucumerinumOwen; wilted watermelon plants were caused by F,oxysporum Schl f.sp.niveuln (E,F.Smith)Snyder and Hansen;and wilted edible gourd plants were caused by F. oxysporumSchl.f.sp.lagenariae Matuo and Yamamoto.The pathogen of white gourd Fusarium wilt isdifferent from those of the above three forma specialis and other forma specialis gourd wiltwhich had been reported before,and so,it is determined as F.oxysporum Schl.f.sp.benin-casae S.Z.Wand and Y.C.Wu f.sp.nov.The esterase isozymes of F.oxysporum were stud-ied by polyacrylamide gel elecphoresis.The result of the experiment suggested that thepolyacrylamide gel elecphoresis of the four forma specialises are significanthy different.