水竹林竹笋倒伏防止措施的研究初报

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PREVENTION OF LODGING SHOOTS OF UNEVEN-AGED PHYLLOSTACHYS HETEROCLADA STAND

为研究水竹林竹笋倒伏防止措施,于1983—1985年在安徽舒城县苗圃设置固定试验区48块并在舒城县所属七个区部分乡村设置固定和临时试验区30块,主要从增施肥料、改善土壤结构、调整合理密度、留养适宜年龄和培育混交林分等方面探讨防止竹笋倒伏措施。该地区倒笋开始于1980年,通过试验研究,1984年每亩倒笋为568支,1985年每亩倒笋下降了191支,平均倒笋率由30％下降为12％。水竹林留养母竹年龄以1—3年和1—4年为宜,保留株数因胸径而异,胸径1.25—1.75厘米,每亩保留3000株,胸径1.75—2.25厘米,每亩保留2500株,胸径2.25—2.75厘米,每亩保留1800株,对防止竹笋倒伏和提高成竹质量效果显著。施饼肥、尿素有利于防止倒笋的作用,施土杂肥、钾肥能促进成竹地上部分生长,加土有一定的防止倒笋和促进成竹质量的效果。

48 permanent plots were set up in the nursery of Shucheng county in Anhui provinee and 30 provisional plots established in seven regions of the county in the years of 1983—1985. The purpose of this expenment is to find out ways and measures for pervention of lodging shoots in uneven-aged Phyllostachy sheteroclada oliv forests. The way and measures taken in this study were mainly as follows: 1. To apply fertilizers 2. To regulate the stand density 3. To maintain individual bamboo culms of desired ages 4. To ireprove the structure of forest Soils and cultivate mixed forests 5. To increase the clay and loam of the soil. The results obtained indicated that the culm number of per unit area was an important factor for preventing lodging shoots. It was found that 3000 culms with d. b. h. 1.25—1.75 cm, 2500 with d. b. h. 1.75—2.25 cm and 2000 with d. b. h. 2.25—2.75 cm should be retained for per mu. The results also showed that the numbers of lodging shoots in water bamboo forests could be dropped and the quality of adult culms improved if keeping the 3-year individual culms and cutting down the 4-year ones in the stand. Through organic and potassium fertilizers application, the numbers of lodging shoots could be further dropped downl and the culms abore ground grow better while phosphorus and carbon-ammonium fertilizers had small effect.