社会支持对首发住院精神分裂症患者1年内复发率影响的研究

The effect of social support on relapse rate of schizophrenia within one year after first-time hospitalization

目的调查研究不同的社会支持水平对首发住院精神分裂症患者1年内疾病复发率的影响。方法选取符合入组标准的164例研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表,在其首次住院出院后满1年时进行随访调查评估,随机抽取盐城市某社区满15岁以上80名一般人群进行对照研究。结果本组患者的社会支持得分明显低于社区一般人群的水平(U=7.82,P<0.001),获得社会支持低;复发病例社会支持的3个维度水平明显低于未复发病例,经比较,均有统计学意义,P<0.001或<0.05;社会支持低于与高于社区一般人群水平的患者复发率(9.25%与4.75%)经比较,!2=33.80,P<0.005,有显著性差异。结论精神分裂症患者有获得低社会支持的倾向,社会支持低的患者1年内易复发。提示护士应全面评估精神分裂症患者的社会支持状况,将社会支持水平较低的精神分裂症患者列为社区、社团关注的重点,呼吁整个社会关爱精神分裂症患者,发挥社会支持系统的作用,以减少精神分裂症患者1年内复发率。

Objective To investigate the effect of social support on relapse rate of schizophrenia within one year after first-time hospitalization. Methods The 164 standard cases by CCMD-3 were followed up using a social support scale for one year after their initial hospitalization. Another 80 over-15-year-old residents from a local community controls were controls in the study. Results The scores regarding social support in the patients followed up were significantly lower than those from the controls （U=7.82, P〈 0.001）. The three items on social support in the relapse cases were＇ significantly lower in scores than those in the cases without relapse （P〈0.001 or P〈0.05）. The relapse rate between those with more social support and those with less than the controls was significantly different （9.25% vs. 4.75%, X^2=33.80, P〈0.005）. Conclusion It tends that the schizophrenia patients are less supported by the society. Those obtaining less social support are susceptible to relapse within one year. That means we nurses should evaluate comprehensively the social support for the patients and appeal to more attention from the communities and social organizations so that the social support system can function to diminish the relapse of schizophrenia within one year.