自卑和焦虑——中国文论“失语”的历史溯源

Inferiority and Anxiety——Traces to the Historical Source of the Chinese Literature Theory"Aphasia"

20世纪的中国文论处在中国传统文化和欧美近现代文化因素构成的“文化场”内。中国文化在20世纪中的“低势态”与西方文化的“高势态”的悬殊差异,形成了特别的自卑心理和焦虑心理,这种心理分别在“五四”时期和新时期的40年左右的时间中得到充分的表现,20世纪中国批评的历史几乎就是西方各种批评流派在中国轮番上演的历史。这也是造成中国文论“失语”的历史和现实的关键原因。

Chinese document of the 20th century fell onto the “Culture playground”, which is formed by factors coming from Chinese traditional culture and American and European modern culture. The wide gap between “weak momentum” of Chinese culture and “strong momentum” of Western culture in the 20th century lead to the formation of inferiority and anxiety. These psychological phenomenon has been fully shown up during “the May Fourth Movement” and about 40 years in New Era. The history of Chinese literary criticism in the 20th century was almost the one that different Western schools of criticism came onto the Chinese stage by turns. This is the crucial factor in history and reality causing the Chinese literature theory “Aphasia”.