中苏决裂的制度因素分析

Institutional Factors for the Break-up of Sino-Soviet Relations

1950-60年代，中苏关系走向破裂的深层原因在于制度，即以苏联模式为蓝本建立起来的社会主义国家的领导和管理体制——“斯大林体制”。“斯大林体制”合法性基础刚性化，抗震能力较弱，这是导致中苏决裂和社会主义阵营分裂的主要原因；“斯大林体制”的集权性质使国家权力缺乏制约和监督机制，纠错机制难以形成，这是导致中苏决裂的另一个原因。社会主义国家政治体制改革一定要兼顾这两个特征，积极稳妥地进行。

The foundamental factor for the break-up of Sino-Soviet relations in 1950-60＇s lies in the Stalin System——a socialist administrative system founded by Stalin as a fixed pattern for other socialist countries. The Stalin System is too rigid and unsuitable for reform. It is also an excessively centralized system in which the executive had few powers in balance and supervision. For these two reasons, the Sino-Soviet relations broke up. Lessons should be drawn from this event to ensure the stable political reform of socialist countries.