修辞学民族性特点溯源

Tracking down National Characteristics of Rhetoric

本文通过对比的方法,讨论中国古代修辞学传统与西方古典修辞学传统的民族性特点。中国修辞学的实践重“文辞”、轻“语辞”;而西方古典修辞学起源于演讲论辩,与“语辞”有着紧密的联系。中国产生“官学”、“官制”的封建专制的社会条件,即民主思想和制度的缺失,对中国修辞学重“文辞”、轻“语辞”的倾向有明显的影响,导致了中西方修辞学传统之异。认清这个问题对于中国修辞学的未来发展有一定指导意义。

The distinctions on national characteristics between traditional Ancient Chinese Rhetoric and western Classical Rhetoric are deduced through comparisons. Ancient Chinese Rhetoric paid more attention to text than discourse while western Classical Rhetoric focus on speech, which is firmly concerned with the study of discourse. Confucianism and Keju, official study and official selection system, the outcome of feudal autarchy is the historical situation for the trend of Chinese Rhetoric while democracy is the reason of western trend. With the change of the society the prospective rhetoric study is foreseen.