杜诗否定副词研究

A Study of Negative Adverbs in DuFu's Poems

杜诗否定副词在使用上具有以下特点:一,一些上古汉语中的否定副词已经消失或正走向衰亡,同时又产生了一批新的否定副词。二,同类否定副词在分布上的对立现象已不复存在;三,否定副词的内部分工相当混乱;四,“非NP”式否定判断句仍占较大优势,新兴的“不是NP”式的使用频率还不高。对杜诗否定副词所作的历时研究表明:初、中唐时期是中古和近代汉语之间一个不可忽视的过渡时期,具有承前启后的作用;近代汉语的上限可以提前到唐初。

The main characteristics exhibited in the usage of the negative adverbs in DuFu＇s poems are： 1 .Some Early Chinese negative adverbs disappear or dying,at the same time a few new ones arise; 2.The phenomenon of antagonistic distribution between the same kind of negative adverbs disappear;3.The division of labour between negative adverbs is fairly vague;4.“Fei（非）NP” negative declarative sentences have greater superiority ,yet the frequency of the use of the new “BuShi （不是） NP” ones is still not high.The diachronic study of the negative adverbs in DuFu＇s poems shows：1. Primary and Middle Tang Dynasty is a period of transition that can＇t be neglected between Middle Chinese and Old Mandarin Chinese,and that it serves as a link between past and future. 2. The dating of beginning of the period of Old Mandarin Chinese may be advanced to Primary Tang Dynasty.