韶关地区新生儿溶血病与孕妇血清相关抗体的相关性分析

Correlation of Newborn Hemolytic Disease with ABO Antibodies in Sera of Pregnant Women

为了了解韶关地区汉族、瑶族人群新生儿溶血病的发病频率和抗体效价的关系,采用血型血清学技术抗体筛选,直接抗球蛋白试验(直抗)、游离抗体测定、放散试验对新生儿溶血病进行产前检测和产后诊断。结果表明:1471对汉族孕妇有免疫抗体者673例(45.8%),65对瑶族孕妇有免疫抗体者28例(43.1%),两组结果无显著差异(χ2=0.16,P>0.05);288例汉族孕妇所分娩的新生儿中有31人患新生儿溶血病,25例瑶族孕妇所分勉的新生儿中有3人患新生儿溶血病。但两组结果无显著性差异(χ2<3.84,P>0.05)。结论:韶关地区汉族与瑶族人群新生儿溶血病的发生无本质上的差别,检测孕妇血型免疫性抗体及其效价对预防新生儿溶血病的发生具有重要的意义,而放散试验对新生儿溶血病的诊断极其重要。

To investigate the relations between morbidity of hemolytic diseases of newborn and ABO antibodies （HDN） in sera of Han and Yao nationality, pregnant women were examined before and after delivery. Antibodies secreen, direct antiglobulin test, free antibodies and elution test were all performed. The results indicated that immunologic ABO antibodies of Han people were found in 673 cases out of 1 471 Han pregnant women, and was also found in 28 cases out of 65 Yao pregnant women, and there was no significant difference of incidences between Han and Yao nationality. 31 cases of HDN were found out of 288 newborn in Han and 3 cases of HDN were found out of 25 newborn in Yao, and there was no signiticant difference between Han and Yao nationalities. The characterristics of HDN in Han nationality were as same as in Yao nationality. In conclusion, the morbidity of HDN in Han and Yao nationalities of Shaoguan area did not showed essential difference, the immunologic ABO antibodies and its titration test, especially, elution test are important for prognosis of HDN.