社会契约论:霍布斯与卢梭的比较分析

Social Contract Theory: Comparative Analysis of Rousseau and Hobbes

社会契约论在西方政治理论中的地位以及宪政制度设计中的作用都是不可忽视的,但其中霍布斯与卢梭的观点易被人误解,所以有研究的必要。霍布斯与卢梭的不同之处主要在于自然状态的假设、个人权利交付的对象、契约的特征、契约的效力、人民享有的自由五个方面。产生差异的原因,主要在于伦理基础和时代背景不同。

The theory of Social Contract plays an important role in the constitutional government of Western countries. The author believes that Rousseau＇s and Hobbes＇s theories on this question are unique and tend to be misunderstood. This text traces the origin of social contract theory and its initial significance, and then compares their differences including the hypothesis of natural state, the object of personal right that people trusted with, the property of social contract, the human rights and freedom that the people enjoy, and whether the social contract can be abolished. In the end, the author shows that the reasons for their differences lie heavily in their ethical foundation and their social environments and backgrounds.