论马克思关于农业劳动力的剩余和转移理论

Theory of Marx on the Surplus and Transfer of Agricultural Labor

马克思在《资本论》中对农业剩余劳动力及其转移问题的经典表述,为我们研究探索农业剩余劳动力问题提供了理论原则。马克思认为,机器和资本在农业中的使用是形成农业剩余劳动力的直接原因,但劳动力的价值反过来影响机器的采用;农业剩余劳动力转移不能脱离特定的社会经济发展阶段,转移的规模、方式和方向都必须与经济发展水平相适应;农业剩余劳动力的转移不仅为工业的发展提供了廉价的劳动力,同时也开拓了工业所需要的国内消费市场;发展教育和治理贫困是大工业的必然要求。

What Marx said about the surplus and transfer of agricultural labor in Capital supplies some principle for us to study agricultural surplus labor.Marx thought that firstly,the use of machines and capital in agriculture was the direct reason for surplus labor,but the value of labor influenced the use of machines;secondly,the transfer of agricultural surplus labor couldn't deviate from the particular period of economic development,the mode,the fashion and the direction must adapt to the level of economic development;thirdly,the transfer of agricultural surplus labor not only supplies the cheap labor for industry developing,but also develops domestic consumer markets which industry needs;last,developing education and eradicating poverty are what modern industry needs.