宿舍心理咨询对大学生人际态度及生活满意度的影响

Effect of System Counseling for Dormitory-unit Students on Undergraduates' Interpersonal Attitude and Life Satisfaction Degree

目的探索改善大学生人际态度和生活满意度的新途径。方法采用系统式心理治疗技术进行大学生宿舍单元(21个宿舍,82人)团体心理咨询。干预前后进行人际态度及生活满意度心理测验,分别对不同性别、不同年级、不同生源的前后测结果进行比较分析。结果干预后低年级组和高年级组容纳他人量表、自我接纳量表、社会支持评定量表以及生活满意度量表总分均较干预前增高,且有统计学意义;自我和谐量表后测总分较前测总分降低,且有统计学意义。低年级组自我接纳量表各因子和自我和谐量表各因子前后测得分比较,其差异均有统计学意义,而高年级组自我和谐量表中的自我评价因子、自我与经验不和谐因子前后测得分比较,其差异无统计学意义。除城市生源组自我和谐量表的自我评价因子前后测得分比较差异无统计学意义外,农村生源组和城市生源组以上各量表的前后测得分比较其差异均有统计学意义,城市生源组自我和谐量表前后测总分及其各分量表前后测得分差异较农村生源组更有统计学意义。结论针对大学生宿舍单元进行系统式心理咨询,对于改善大学生人际态度、增强其生活满意度具有实际意义;对大学生人际态度关注越早,完善和发展自我意识的空间越大;来自农村的大学生需要更长的适应期实现较大程度的自我和谐,因而,有必要强调对农村生源的早期关注。

Objective To explore a new approach for improving undergraduates＇ interpersonal attitude and life satisfaction degree. Methods We took 21 dormitories, each one being a study unit, including 82 undergraduates in total, as subjects. System psychotherapy was adopted to carry out group counseling. Psychological tests were taken before and after counseling, and the data were analyzed and compared for different genders, grades and origins. Results The overall scores of Acceptance of Others Scale （AOS）, Self Acceptance Questionnaire （SAQ）, Social Support Scale （SSS） and Life Satisfaction Rating Scale （LSRS） after counseling were significantly higher than those before counseling both in lower and upper classman groups. Correspondingly, the overall scores of Self Consistency and Congruence Scale （SCCS） after counseling were significantly lower than those before counseling; There were significant differences in the mean of total scores of two factors of SAQ and three factors of SCCS between before and after counseling in lowerclassman- group, respectively. But there were not significant differences in those of self - evaluation factor and self- disharmony factor of SCCS between before and after counseling in upperclassman - group. The mean of total scores of above scales both in rural and urban household students, except for that of self- evaluation factor of SCCS in urban household students, were statistically different between before and after counseling. Conclusions Carrying out system psychotherapy for dormitory- unit students is helpful for improving undergraduates＇ interpersonal attitude and life satisfaction degree. The earlier we pay attention to undergraduates＇ interpersonal attitude, the more we have the possibility to develop and perfect their self- consciousness. It＇s necessary to pay attention to ruralhousehold - students early because of their longer adaptive period needed.