中国农户原料奶生产经济效率分析

Economic Efficiency of Dairy Production of China＇s Farms

本研究利用笔者对黑龙江、山西、内蒙古、四川、天津、北京6个省（自治区、直辖市）702户奶牛养殖户的调查数据，采用随机边界函数方法，分析了农户原料奶生产的技术效率、配置效率及其各自的影响因素。估计结果表明：样本农户平均技术效率为73．18％，平均配置效率达到84．04％。在各种影响技术效率、配置效率的因素中，扩大饲养规模可以提高农户奶牛生产的技术效率以及配置效率，养牛时间越久，对技术效率、配置效率提高越有利；在奶牛饲喂中适当增加青粗饲料投入、调整精粗饲料配比，以及对农户进行相关培训则可以提高技术效率；而受教育程度仅对配置效率产生正向影响。结果还表明，在城市郊区的养牛农户的技术效率、配置效率均明显低于其他地区农户；黑龙江农户技术效率在1％水平上明显高于其他省（自治区、直辖市）农户；四川养牛农户技术效率在10％水平下高于其他地区农户；而山西农户不仅技术效率在1％水平上明显低于样本中其他地区农户，而且配置效率在5％显著水平上也低于样本中其他省（自治区、直辖市）农户奶牛养殖配置效率。

Based on a survey of 702 sample farms in Heilongjiang, Shanxin, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Beijing, and Tianjin, this paper uses stochastic frontier analysis （SFA） method to study the economic efficiency of China＇s dairy farms. The results show that larger scale can increase the technical and allocative efficiency. The longer farmers raise cattle the higher their technical and allocative efficienties are. The factors of coarse fodder and farmers＇ training can only improve technical efficiency, while education level can only influence allocative efficiency. Farms in suburbs have lower technical and allocative efficiency than others, while farms of Shanxi province have higher technical and allocative efficiency, farms of Heilongjiang and Sichuan provinces have higher technical efficiency.