劳动力城乡统筹的政治经济学分析

Analysis of Integration of Urban and Rural Labor Markets

从政治经济学的角度看，劳动力价值是由其成本决定的，并受市场供求关系的影响。研究发现，与农村劳动力再生产成本相比，农村劳动力价格过低。原因在于：一是劳动力市场总量供过于求；二是劳动力市场在结构上处于一种分割状态，从属劳动力市场大量低素质劳动力的存在导致了这部分市场供给严重过剩，劳动力价格难以提升。要打破市场分割，必须加大对农村人力资本的投入，提高劳动者价值。

According to Marxist Economics, the value of labor is determined by its reproduction cost, and influenced by supply and demand. This research shows that, compared with reproduction cost, rural labor price is low relatively. One reason is that total labor supply exceeds demand, the other is the segmentation of rural and suburb labor markets. Many low-quality labors exist in separated rural market. In order to resolve this problem, more investment needs to be put in rural labor training and education. In this way, the value of labor could be improved, and unified labor market could be set up.