广西居民营养与健康状况的调查研究

The study on nutrition and health status of residents in Guangxi,2002TANG

目的了解广西居民膳食摄入和营养状况以及与之相关的慢性非传染病的分布情况。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2002年抽取广西南宁、钦州、河池、贺州4个市的4个城区和天等、巴马、忻城、靖西等4个县4268户、17104人,按全国统一调查方法分别进行居民膳食调查、问卷调查,医学体检和血红蛋白、血糖、血脂等实验室检测。结果与1992年结果比较,广西居民畜禽肉、奶类、水果等食品摄入量分别增加了71.2、9.0和22.7g,优质蛋白质来源达到46.9%;每标准人日摄入的能量、蛋白质分别为9226.2kj和64.4g,分别占推荐摄入量(RNI)的91.8%和85.4%;而脂肪供给的能量占31.3%,视黄醇当量和核黄素摄入偏低,仅分别达到推荐标准(RNI)的30.4%、59.1%,钙摄入仅达到适应标准(AI)的39.4%。医学检查和实验室检测结果显示:广西居民营养不良率为12.9%,贫血率为16.8%;肥胖患病率(含中心性肥胖)为9.1%和超重率为4.4%;成人高血压患病率13.8%、糖尿病患病率1.43%、血脂异常率15.3%,估计广西成人高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常人数分别达到456.8、43.0和461.0万人。结论广西城乡居民每日能量、蛋白质、脂肪摄入量充足,优质蛋白质消费有明显提高,贫血和营养不良仍然存在,尤其是农村更为严重;同时与营养有关的慢性非传染病正在成为我区重要的公共卫生问题,其防治形势十分严峻。

Objective To understand the dietary and nutritional status of residents and describe the distribution of chronic non-communicable diseases concerning nutrition in Guangxi. Methods 4 268 households included 17 104 residents were selected from 4 city points and 4 country points in Guangxi through multistage stratified randomized cluster sampling. The unified ways provided by the national dietary survey, anthropometric assessment, biochemical test were adopted respectively. Results The intakes of meats , milk and fruits from residents in 2002 had increased 71.2g,9. 0g and 22.7g respectively compared with 1992. High quality protein was increased and accounted for 46.9% of dietary protein. Energy and protein intake was 9226kj and 64.4g per reference man per day, accounting for 91.8% and 85.4% of RNI respectively. Fat provided 31.3 % of energy. Retinol, riboflavine were lower,only accounting for 30.4% and 59.1% of RNI respectively. The prevalence of undernourishment was 12.9% , overweight was 4.4% and obesity（including the center obesity） was 9.1%. The rate of anemia was 16.8%, hypertension was 13.8%, diabetes was 1.43%, amd abnormal blood lipid was 15.3 %. The estimated patients suffering from hypertension, diabetes and abnormal blood lipid were 4.57,0.43 and 4.61 million respectively. Conclusion The intake of energy, protein and fat is sufficient, high quality protein is increased distinctly in Guangxi. Undernourishment and anemia is serious especially in countryside area. Ove-mutrtion related to chronic non-communicable disease have become an important public health problem in Guangxi .