淡水轮虫批量培养的研究进展

Research Advance of Batch Culture of Freshwater Rotifers.

淡水轮虫是淡水浮游动物的主要类群之一,它在天然水体中分布广、数量大,是淡水鱼类仔鱼及虾、蟹等无脊椎动物幼体的优质饵料。仔鱼在从内源性营养转为外源性营养时,酶系统发育很不完善,必需摄取活饵料以利用其酶完成消化。有的作者还提到动物性活饵料能促进仔鱼酶系统的发育,增强仔鱼的生命力[60]。Rottmann[43]和Marrnox[62]的研究也表明,目前最好的人工饵料也不及活饵料,而在活饵料中又以轮虫为最佳。海水轮虫的批量培养技术已对海水养殖业的发展起到了巨大作用,而淡水轮虫在这方面的研究却远为逊色。究其原因,一方面与以往的淡水养殖不太注重工厂化育苗有关。但随着淡水养殖鱼类、虾蟹类工厂化育苗及提早繁殖技术的日臻成熟与展开,生产上急待解决其幼体期活饵料的供应问题,所以,淡水轮虫批量培养的迫切性也日益明显。例如,鲤仔鱼在主动摄食的前几天,每百万尾每天需要1.

Batch culture of more than ten species of freshwater rotifers was studied by external scientists. The researches of the effects of major ecological factors, including temperature, food, illuminative period, pH, vitamin and nutritive salt etc,on the population growth and ecology of rotifers lay a foundation for the batch culture. A lot of methods of hatch culture were studied. The highest production gained under laboratory conditions and in small container is 1-2 kg. m^(-3). d^(-1) for Brachionus calyciflorus and 18 kg. m^(-2). d^(-1) for Philodina acudicornis odiosa (notplanktonic species). The highest yield in large scale production of the former species is 0.2 kg. m^(-2). d^(-1). Further researches on suitable species of rotifers and its foods, ecological foundation and technology for batch culture are badly needed.