我国水稻分子育种计划的策略

Strategies for Molecular Rice Breeding in China

从种质资源中发掘和利用优异基因是实现突破性育种的关键。现有常规育种技术对种质资源的低利用率及其在性状改良上的局限性是近几十年来水稻改良出现徘徊局面的根本原因。本文首次提出应用大规模回交育种构建我国优良水稻导入系群的方法和以此为基础材料建立我国水稻分子育种协作网的策略,简要地阐述了应用分子标记和导入系进行水稻种质资源中有利基因/QTL的大规模发掘和复杂性状QTL聚合改良的分子育种技术路线,并简要地展望了这一分子育种策略的应用前景。

To efficiently discover and utilize useful genes from germplasm resources is the key to achieve new breakthroughs in rice improvement. The underutilization of germplasm resources and empirical based approach by conventional breeding strategy are responsible for the slow progress of rice improvement in the past decades. This article briefly described a comprehensive strategy and perspectives regarding establishing the China National Molecular Rice Breeding Network and the technical components regarding how to develop introgression line sets （ILs） in elite Chinese rice backgrounds by backcross breeding and to use molecular markers and ILs for highly efficient gene/QTL discovery and trait improvement by gene/QTL pyramiding.