略论秦律对汉律的影响

On the Relation of Qin Lǜ and Han Lǜ

关于汉律与秦律的关系,历史上早有所谓“汉承秦制”的说法,即汉律的制订以秦律为基础,有所继承,有所发展。实际上,汉初的立法思想是对秦代“重刑轻罪”法律思想的拨乱反正,汉律本着“罪大者罚重,罪小者罚轻”的原则对秦律进行修正、继承和发展,而且经历了从汉初到武帝时期这样一个较长的过程。本文通过睡虎地竹简秦律与张家山竹简汉律的比较研究,对一些秦汉律的具体条文的沿革考述来具体说明汉律对秦律的继承和发展。

There is a doctrine historically that “ Han Dynasty inherited the legal system of Qin Dynasty”, that is, Han Lü was not only based on Qin Lü, but also inherited and developed it. Furthermore, the early Han legislative thought actually revised the thought “emphasizing penalty but despising crime” of Qin Dynasty. With the principle of “punishing felons heavily, punishing misdemeanants lightly”, Han Lü corrected, inherited and developed Qin Lü,which experienced a long period from early Han to the Emperor Wu. Comparing Shui Hu Di Bamboo of Qin and Zhang Jia Shan Bamboo of Han,tracking and representing the specific item of Qin Lü and Han Lü, this article illustrates the inheritance and development.