“主体”的论争与重建——对环境伦理学两种基本纲领的梳理与思考

Controversies on "Subject" and Reconstruction——Studies on the Two Basic Guiding Principles of Environmental Ethics

人类中心主义与非人类中心主义是当代环境伦理学的两种基本纲领。两者对"主体"的不同界定,导致了其在哲学基础、伦理态度、解决方案以及环境伦理学的学科定位等问题上的重大分歧。但两者拥有共同的历史背景和理论归宿,即都要面对并反思人与自然的伦理关系,促进人与自然的和谐发展。所以目前的全球生态危机并不是由其中的某种"主体(性)"所致,而是由在现代性文明中丧失"主体性"的病态人格所致。故必须对现代性之消极因素展开批判,重建自由而健全的主体并以之为环境伦理学的哲学基石。

Anthropccentrism and non - anthropocentrism are two basic guiding principles of environmental ethics. The different definitions of “subject”between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism result in fierce controversies on philosophy basis, ethic attitude, solution as well as course orientation of environmental ethics. However,anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism have something in common in historical background and final theory, ie. studying the ethical relationship between man and nature and promoting the harmonious development of man and nature. Therefore, the present global ecological crises are caused by the unhealthy character without subjectivity in modern civilization instead of a certain “subject”. Negative factors in modernity have to be criticized and a free and healthy subject on which environmental ethics is philosophically based have to be reconstructed.