安徽省尘肺流行病学分析及发展趋势

Epidemiological analysis and trend study on pneumoconiosis in Anhui province

目的了解安徽省尘肺发生现况和发展规律,为政府制定职业病防治规划提供科学依据.方法汇总安徽省1952～2004年诊断的全部尘肺病例资料,分析尘肺患者的性别、年龄、地区、病种、工种、接尘工龄、接尘年代和所在工业系统分布.结果截止2004年底,安徽省累计尘肺患者21 945例,居全国第9位.历年共死亡5 606人,累计病死率25.54%.目前现患病人16 339例,总现患率5.85%.尘肺患者平均诊断年龄51.62岁,平均死亡年龄59.86岁.Ⅰ期尘肺占总例数的91.26%,平均工龄22.80 a.尘肺患者主要分布在淮北、淮南、铜陵和马鞍山4个市,患者人数占全省的89.89%.病种主要是煤工尘肺和矽肺,占所有尘肺患者的97.13%.以煤炭系统尘肺病例最多,占尘肺总例数的72.39%.预测到2015年,该省尘肺患者可达2.8万例.结论尘肺防治的重点地区为四大矿业基地,重点工种为矿山掘进工和凿岩工,主要病种是煤工尘肺和矽肺.预防为主、从源头治理是防治尘肺病发生的关键.

Objective To investigate the epidemic status and the trends of pneumoconiosis in Anhui province, and to provide scientific basis for establishing preventive measures. Methods Sex, age, area, cause, working type, exposing time, industrial system were studied among the pneumoconiosis cases from 1952 to 2004 in Anhui. Results At the end of 2004, 21 945 cases of pneumoconiosis occurred in Anhui and ranked the ninth to the total cases. The suffering rate of male was 98.5 %. The total cases of death were 5 606 ; and cumulative incidence rate was 25.54 %. The suffering patients were 16 339. The total prevanlence rate was 5.85%, the average diagnosed age and death age was 51.62, 59.86, respectively. To type I of pneumoconiosis, the average suffering age of working was 22.80, accounting for 91.26%, which most patients distributed in four miner industrial bases （Huai bei, Huai nan, Tong ling and Ma＇anshan） accounting for 89.89%. The main types were carbon pneumoconiosis and silicosis, accounting for 97.13% of the main eight types of p in Anhui. The cases in coal mineral sys- tern were 72.39% cases in the 13 industrial systems of Anhui. Conclusions The main prevention areas were four miner industrial bases, and main prevention types were miner industrial exploiter and chiseler. Preventive measures should be preliminarily suggested to prevent and control the occurrence.