“真”的有效性证明标准*

The Validity Criterion of Truth

并非所有被确证为“真”的事实命题都能作为法律推理的小前提(判决结论的事实依据)。作为法律推理的小前提的“真”的事实命题必须(一)是“有用的”,即符合实体法律规范,对得出当事人是否应当承担刑事责任、民事责任或行政责任具有实质意义的事实命题;(二)是“能用的”,即符合程序法律规范,将那些诸如通过“刑讯逼供”、“诱供”等严重违反程序法律规范的证据排除在定案证据之外,最大限度地保护诉讼当事人的合法权益不受非法侵害。“有用性”和“能用性”是“真”的有效性证明标准。

This article holds that all factual propositions confirmed to be true can be used as minor in legal reasoning （ the factual foundation of verdict）. The true factual proposition rendered as the minor of legal reasoning must first be＂useful＂： It is conforming to substantial legal norms and is substantially meaningful on judging whether the parties should take criminal, civil or administrative responsibility; second it must be ＂usable＂： it is conforming to procedural legal norms and can expel those evidences taken by means of ＂inquisition by torture＂ ,＂inducing a person to make a eonfession＂whieh severely violate the procedural legal norms, by so doing it can protect the lawful fights of the parties to the largest extent from illegal infringe. ＂usefulness＂ and ＂usability＂ are the validity criterion of truth.